Accessing West Virginia Assistance Programs for Resident Support

Navigating the network of West Virginia assistance programs can provide a crucial lifeline for individuals and families seeking stability and support. A wide range of services, from food and nutrition aid to healthcare coverage and housing support, is available to help residents overcome financial barriers and work toward self-sufficiency.

For those comfortable with online tools, the WV PATH portal (www.wvpath.wv.gov) serves as a central hub where you can apply for several key benefits at once. For residents who prefer in-person guidance, a robust network of local offices and community partners offers hands-on support.

It is also helpful to know that the state's administrative structure has recently changed; the former Department of Health and Human Resources (DHHR) has been reorganized, and many of its key services are now managed by the Department of Human Services (DoHS). You may see both names on official websites and forms, but they often lead to the same essential programs designed to help West Virginians.

Key Programs for Food and Nutrition

Ensuring access to healthy food is a cornerstone of family stability. West Virginia administers two primary federally funded programs designed to meet the nutritional needs of low-income households: the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

SNAP, colloquially known as the food stamp program, provides monthly benefits to help eligible households purchase groceries. These benefits are issued on an Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) card, called the Mountain State Card, which functions like a debit card at authorized retailers, including some grocery stores, convenience stores, and farmers' markets.

Eligibility for SNAP

Eligibility is determined by federal regulations and is based on several factors, including household size, income, assets, and certain expenses.

Key requirements include:

• Residency and Citizenship: Applicants must be residents of West Virginia and be U.S. citizens or qualified non-citizens.
• Social Security Number: Each household member applying for benefits must have a Social Security number or have applied for one.
• Income Tests: Most households must pass both a gross income test and a net income test. Certain deductions are applied to income, such as childcare costs, shelter and utility expenses, and court-ordered child support payments.
• Asset Limits: While many households are exempt from asset limits, those that are subject to them generally must have assets below $3,000. For households with at least one person who is age 60 or older or has a disability, the limit is raised to $4,500.
• Work Requirements: Able-Bodied Adults Without Dependents (ABAWDs) between the ages of 18 and 64 may be subject to work requirements. These individuals are typically limited to three months of SNAP benefits in a 36-month period unless they are working at least 80 hours per month or participating in a qualifying work or training program.

Special consideration is given to households with elderly or disabled members, who are not subject to the gross income test and may deduct medical expenses over $35 per month.

How to Apply for SNAP

The application process is designed to be accessible through several channels. A crucial first step you can take, even before you have all your documents ready, is to submit a basic application with just your name, address, and signature. This establishes your "filing date," and since benefits are calculated from this date, taking this simple step immediately can maximize the support you receive once approved.

1. Apply Online: The quickest and most recommended method is to apply through the WV PATH website at https://www.wvpath.wv.gov/. You can first use the "Screen for Assistance" tool to see if you may be eligible without creating an account. To submit a full application, you will need to create an account and click "Apply Now".
2. Apply by Mail or In Person: You can download a paper application or request one from your local DoHS county office. Completed applications can be mailed or returned in person.
3. Complete an Interview: After submitting your application, you will be required to complete an interview, which is typically conducted over the phone. This interview is to verify the information on your application and determine your final eligibility.

To complete the process, you will likely need to provide documents verifying your identity, residency, income (pay stubs, benefit letters), assets (bank statements), and expenses (rent/mortgage statements, utility bills).

WIC for Women, Infants, and Children

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is a targeted program that provides free healthy foods, nutrition counseling, breastfeeding support, and referrals to other health and social services.

Eligibility for WIC

To qualify for WIC, applicants must meet three distinct criteria:

1. Categorical: Applicants must be pregnant women, postpartum women (up to six months after delivery), breastfeeding women (up to one year after delivery), infants, or children up to their fifth birthday.
2. Income: A household's gross income must be at or below 185% of the Federal Poverty Level. A significant advantage for families is that if you are already enrolled in programs like SNAP, Medicaid, or WV WORKS, you are automatically considered income-eligible for WIC, which simplifies the application process.
3. Nutritional Risk: A health professional at a WIC clinic must determine that the applicant is at a "nutritional risk." This can include medical conditions like anemia or dietary issues like an inadequate diet.

How to Apply for WIC

The application process begins with contacting your local WIC agency.

• You can start by using the state's online prescreening tool to see if you are likely eligible and begin the application process.
• The next step is to schedule an appointment at a local WIC clinic. You can find your nearest clinic by contacting the state WIC office.
• For your appointment, you will need to bring proof of identity for each person applying, proof of residency (like a utility bill), and proof of household income (like pay stubs), unless you are already enrolled in SNAP, Medicaid, or TANF.

WIC benefits are provided on an eWIC card and can be used to purchase specific approved foods, such as milk, eggs, cheese, yogurt, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and iron-fortified infant formula or baby foods.

Healthcare Coverage for Individuals and Families

West Virginia offers two primary public health insurance programs, Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (WVCHIP), to ensure that low-income individuals, families, children, and pregnant women have access to quality medical care.

West Virginia Medicaid

Medicaid is a joint federal and state program that provides free or low-cost health coverage to millions of Americans, including eligible low-income adults, children, pregnant women, elderly adults, and people with disabilities.

Who is Eligible for Medicaid?

Eligibility for Medicaid in West Virginia is based on modified adjusted gross income and household size. You may qualify if you are:

• An adult aged 19-64 with income at or below 138% of the Federal Poverty Level.
• A pregnant woman.
• A child 18 years of age or younger.
• An individual who receives Supplemental Security Income (SSI).
• An individual who is blind or has a disability.
• In need of long-term care services.

Covered Benefits and Application Process

Medicaid provides comprehensive coverage for a wide range of services, including doctor visits, hospital care, prescription drugs, lab tests, X-rays, emergency services, and transportation to medical appointments. Through managed care plans, members also have access to extensive dental, vision, and behavioral health services.

You don't need to worry about choosing the "right" program before you apply. The state's application system is designed as a single entry point. Based on your family's information, the system will automatically direct you to the program you qualify for, whether it's Medicaid or WVCHIP.

There are several ways to apply:

• Online: The recommended method is through the WV PATH portal at https://www.wvpath.wv.gov/. 
• Federal Marketplace: You can apply through the Health Insurance Marketplace at www.healthcare.gov.
• By Phone: Call the DoHS Customer Service Center at 877-716-1212.
• In Person or by Mail: Visit a local DoHS office to apply in person or to obtain a paper application to mail in.

You will need to provide information such as Social Security numbers, proof of identity, proof of income, and details about your household members.

Children’s Health Insurance Program (WVCHIP)

The West Virginia Children’s Health Insurance Program (WVCHIP) was created to provide health coverage for children in working families who earn too much to qualify for Medicaid but cannot afford to buy private insurance. The program also covers pregnant women who meet the income guidelines.

Eligibility is based on income, and the thresholds are higher than for Medicaid. WVCHIP offers a full suite of benefits similar to Medicaid, covering everything from routine check-ups and immunizations to hospital care and prescriptions. The application process is integrated with Medicaid; you can use any of the same methods (WV PATH, HealthCare.gov, phone, or local office) to apply for your child or for a pregnant family member.

Financial Aid, Employment, and Unemployment Resources

West Virginia provides a safety net for families facing financial hardship and robust resources for those seeking employment. These programs are designed to offer temporary support while empowering residents to achieve long-term economic independence.

WV WORKS Cash Assistance (TANF)

West Virginia's Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, known as WV WORKS, provides monthly cash assistance to eligible low-income families with children. Unlike some other forms of assistance, WV WORKS is an active, collaborative program built around a "work-first" principle.

A central part of enrollment is developing a Personal Responsibility Contract (PRC) with a case manager. This agreement outlines the specific steps and activities an individual will undertake to move toward employment and self-sufficiency, with the state providing a range of support services to help them meet those goals.

Eligibility involves a two-step process: first, a family's gross income must fall below a set limit based on family size. Second, adult participants must agree to the program's requirements, including attending an orientation and negotiating the PRC. To support these efforts, WV WORKS offers services such as assistance with transportation, driver's education, work-related clothing or tools, and even pre-employment vision and dental care.

It is important to understand that there is a 60-month lifetime limit on receiving cash assistance, and failure to comply with the PRC can result in sanctions, such as a temporary loss of benefits. Applications can be submitted online through the WV PATH portal or at a local DoHS office.

Work Force West Virginia: Your Partner in Employment

Work Force West Virginia is a statewide network of one-stop career centers designed to connect job seekers with employment opportunities and provide employers with a skilled workforce. All services for job seekers are provided at no charge and are available at 18 comprehensive career centers across the state and online at https://workforcewv.org/. 

Services for job seekers include:

• Career counseling and assessment.
• Resume and cover letter preparation.
• Interview practice and workshops.
• Information on job fairs and local job openings.
• Access to training and education programs.
• Free computer and internet access at local centers.

Unemployment Insurance Benefits

If you have lost your job through no fault of your own, you may be eligible for Unemployment Insurance (UI) benefits. This state-administered program provides temporary income while you search for new employment.

To be eligible, you must have earned sufficient wages during a "base period" (typically the last 12 to 18 months) and be unemployed due to reasons such as a layoff or lack of available work.

The step-by-step process to apply is as follows:

1. Gather Your Information: You will need your Social Security number, photo ID, contact information, and detailed employment history for the past 18 months, including employer names, addresses, and dates of employment.
2. File a Claim: The quickest way to apply is online through the Work Force West Virginia website. You can also apply in person at a local Work Force WV office or by calling 1-800-252-JOBS.
3. Maintain Eligibility: Receiving unemployment benefits is an active process. To continue receiving payments, you must file a weekly certification confirming you are able and available for work. You are also required to conduct and document at least four work search activities each week.

WorkForce West Virginia manages the UI program and provides the reemployment services designed to help you find your next job.

Securing Housing and Shelter

Finding safe and affordable housing is a critical need for many West Virginians. The state's housing assistance landscape is decentralized, meaning the right agency to contact depends on your specific situation—whether you are facing homelessness, need help with rent, or are a homeowner at risk of foreclosure.

Emergency Shelter and Homelessness Prevention

For individuals and families who are currently homeless or at imminent risk of losing their housing, the Emergency Solutions Grant (ESG) program provides funding for essential services. This program supports emergency shelters, rapid re-housing assistance to help homeless individuals move into permanent housing, and homelessness prevention services.

Prevention can include short-term financial assistance with rent or utility arrears to stop an eviction. These services are not provided directly by the state but through a network of local non-profit agencies funded by West Virginia Community Advancement and Development (WVCAD). If you are facing a housing crisis, you should contact your local community action agency or a non-profit organization that provides ESG services in your county.

Rental Assistance (Public and Subsidized Housing)

Long-term rental assistance is primarily available through local Public Housing Authorities (PHAs). These agencies administer two main programs:

• Public Housing: PHAs own and manage affordable rental units for low-income families, the elderly, and persons with disabilities.
• Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program: This program provides a voucher that subsidizes a portion of the rent in a privately owned house or apartment. This allows families to choose their own housing in the community.

To apply for either of these programs, you must contact the PHA that serves your city or county, such as the Huntington West Virginia Housing Authority or the Parkersburg Housing Authority. Each PHA has its own application process and waiting list.

Support for Homeowners

The West Virginia Housing Development Fund (WVHDF) offers several programs aimed at helping homeowners maintain their housing stability. Key programs include:

• West Virginia Homeowners Rescue Program: This program provides financial assistance to eligible homeowners who are behind on their mortgage payments, property taxes, homeowner's insurance, or utilities.
• On-Site Septic Systems Loan Program: This offers low-interest loans to help eligible households repair or replace failing septic systems or connect to a public sewer system.

The WVHDF also administers federal programs like the HOME Investment Partnerships Program and the National Housing Trust Fund, which work to increase the overall supply of affordable rental housing in the state.

Assistance with Utility and Energy Bills

While the Low Income Energy Assistance Program (LIEAP) is the most well-known form of help for heating bills, West Virginia offers a bundle of services to address utility costs. By understanding all available components, households can create a more comprehensive and long-term solution to managing their energy expenses.

Low Income Energy Assistance Program (LIEAP)

LIEAP is a federally funded program that provides a one-time payment to help eligible households with their home heating costs during the winter months. Payments can be made directly to the household or to the utility company on their behalf. Eligibility is based on household income, size, and heating costs, with specific income guidelines released each year.

Applications are accepted for a limited time, typically starting in the fall. Residents can apply online via the WV PATH portal, at their local DoHS office, or through a partner Community Action Agency or Agency on Aging office. A crisis component is also available for households facing an immediate loss of heat.

Related Utility Support Programs

In addition to the main LIEAP payment, West Virginia offers other utility support programs that can provide year-round relief:

• Repair and Replace Program: Also funded by LIHEAP, this program assists eligible low-income homeowners with the emergency repair or replacement of malfunctioning or unsafe heating and/or cooling systems. To qualify for cooling system assistance, the household must include a child aged 5 or younger, an individual aged 60 or over, or a person with a disability.
• 20% Utility Discount Program: This state-run program offers a 20% discount on gas and electric bills from November through March and on water bills year-round. Eligibility is often linked to participation in other assistance programs; for example, you may qualify if you receive SNAP and are over age 60, or if you receive WV WORKS benefits. Applications are typically sent automatically to eligible households in the fall.

Support for Child Care Costs

West Virginia's Child Care Program provides financial subsidies to help make child care more affordable for working families and parents pursuing education or training. It is important to note that applying for child care assistance follows a different process than most other state benefits.

While programs like SNAP and Medicaid use the online WV PATH portal, child care subsidy applications must be completed in person at a local Child Care Resource and Referral (CCR&R) agency.

To be eligible, a family must meet income guidelines, which start at 150% of the federal poverty level for new applicants. The parent or guardian must be participating in a qualifying activity, such as working, attending school, or participating in the WV WORKS program. In a two-parent household, both parents must be engaged in a qualifying activity.

When applying, you will need to provide verifications, including:

• Proof of identity and West Virginia residency.
• Proof of income for the most recent month (e.g., pay stubs).
• Verification of your school or training schedule, if applicable.
• Information about any child support received.

Contact your local CCR&R office to schedule an appointment and begin the application process. Main offices are located in Bridgeport (1-866-622-6528) and Parkersburg (1-866-966-2668).

Connecting with Local Community Action and Non-Profit Partners

Beyond state-run offices, West Virginia has a strong network of 16 local Community Action Agencies and numerous non-profit organizations dedicated to helping residents in their own communities. These partners are often the front line for delivering services, providing hands-on application assistance, and connecting families with a wide array of resources.

These agencies administer key programs such as the Community Service Block Grant (CSBG), Weatherization Assistance, and LIHEAP-funded emergency repairs.

For example, Catholic Charities West Virginia offers emergency financial help for rent and utilities, SNAP application outreach, and child care programs across the state. In the northern panhandle, CHANGE, Inc. provides housing counseling, weatherization, and specialized services for veterans. A great starting point for finding local help is to call WV 211, a free and confidential service that can connect you to health and human service resources in your area.

To find the Community Action Agency that serves your county, refer to the table below.

A Path Forward with Available Resources

West Virginia offers a comprehensive network of support for residents facing economic challenges. While the number of programs and agencies can seem complex, there are clear pathways to get the help you need.

The WV PATH portal provides a powerful online tool for applying for major benefits like SNAP, Medicaid, and WV WORKS from a single location. For those who need in-person assistance, local DoHS offices, Work Force WV career centers, and a dedicated network of Community Action Agencies are available in every region of the state to provide guidance and direct services.

By taking the first step—whether it's visiting a website, making a phone call, or walking into a local office—you can begin to access the resources designed to help you and your family achieve lasting stability.

Frequently Asked Questions